One adventure by land, Another by sea

I've been on a couple of adventures recently; Sunday took me to Jazani Forest, and Tuesday to another day at sea. Between those, I celebrated our Independence Day.

Jozani forest is the largest protected region on the Island, which allows it to flourish unhindered. Many of the island's endemic species exist in this forest, most notably the Red Colubus Monkey. After a walk through the region's mangroves, we were able to see some of these endangered monkeys. Their species split from the mainland after the last ice age, and habitat deforestation along with hunting has led to its endangered status.

The tour ended with Jozani forest itself, which provided an amazing green spectrum rising in color as one scans  from the floor to the canopy. The natural silence, broken by bird calls and monkeys, was a welcome break from the hustle of Stone Town. I sat down to read some Vonnegut as the afternoon broke.

The next day was America's Independence Day. Not much celebration here as we had to prepare for a cruise the next day. For dinner though, we experienced Thai-flavored pizza in an African country; with that this obvious clash of cultures was perfectly American.

Tuesday was our first time attempting the water sampling techniques, which includes semicircles of radius 3km, 6km, 9km, and 12km. This organization will help us determine what direction the pollution travels on a specific day. We hope multiple days of sampling coupled with coral health will give an average of the pollution path.

The cruise itself was incredible; we were floating around in a dingy in the Tropical Indian Ocean, collecting bottles of water. Absolutely surreal. We made anchor near a reef on one of the outer sandbars for lunch. Incredible visibility, amazing sunlight, just perfect; I saw a lion fish, huge schools of anchovies, some giant starfish, and had a couple chapati to eat. We finished the cruise completing all of our samples, and the day with a few beers during the sunset.

Somethings Interesting:
-Yesterday was a holiday, "Saba saba"; it was the seventh day of the seventh month.

-Plastic bags are outlawed on Zanzibar; they would all eventually end up in the ocean. There is still a problem with trash, a lot of it plastic, but no plastic bags.

-There are seven species of wildlife endemic to Zanzibar. The Zanzibar Leopard is the most awesome, though only rumors have existed since the early 1990s.

Tanzanian Science

The Zanzibar Project is an effort to give American Students experience in a foreign scientific environment while bringing modern oceanographic techniques to East Africa. We work with researchers at Tanzania's Institute of Marine Sciences (IMS), based in Stone Town, Zanzibar, just off the ferry dock. Most of the science here concerns the coral and fisheries ecology, but they have made room for our physical based project.

As a project, we hope to observe and model the currents between the island and the mainland, a majority of which is due to tidal motions which are comparably easy to understand. The project has therefore redefined it's goals to analyze nonlinear tidal motions which are created as a result of the large tidal swings in variable topography as well as currents not directly influenced by tides.

Javier, Mucaco, and Connor preparing the Current Meters

This Thursday, we will be conducting our first cruise, a half-day out to Chumbe Island to test all of our instruments and techniques, as well as deploy current meters to measure the predicted nonlinear tidal motions around the island. Chumbe Island is a marine reserve, and the snorkeling is expected to be excellent. This is exciting for me, as my main focus, interestingly enough, is on the biology portion of this project.

The sewage from Stone Town is let out of a pipe just offshore. While it is treated, this still poses a threat to the biology of the region (e.g. I won't swim near town). We hope to add a tracer to our model with the hopes of understanding the dispersion of this sewage. To provide an in situ comparison, we will be measuring biological quantities with hopes of creating an environmental gradient of the affected area.

Ali in the machine shop at IMS

Snapshots of sewage dispersion will be found using chlorophyll and suspended solid measurements, using a small boat on three separate days. We hope an average of sewage dispersion will be given by coral health found with photographic techniques. I have spent much of my time here so far constructing a frame which will ensure consistency between pictures. For example, I spent the morning yesterday snorkeling north of town as we determined the correct height to capture a 1x1m sample area with a photograph. We then enjoyed the bar with sand beneath our feet.

Somethings Interesting:

-While the project has its basis in how toxic the water is, we are looking for proxies outside of the dangerous zones (i.e. coral gets sick before humans do). I do not expect to be in contact with water any dirtier than San Diego after a rain.

-Yesterday, a fisherman accidentally drowned a dolphin in his net and brought it to IMS for measurements, dissection, etc. The dolphin was three years old and very healthy looking, except for being dead. According to the institution's dolphin graduate student, bycatch claims about 80-90 dolphins per year in Tanzania. 2006 was a bad year, with ~1000 dolphin strandings; there was no connection made to anthropogenic or other causes.

-To help with this project, I made an investment in an underwater housing for my camera. Once I get comfortable with it, you can expect pictures from snorkeling, diving, and eventually surfing.